CFM 2019

Investigating the Bending Behavior of self-healable epoxy-glass fibers composites
Hossein Ebrahimnezhad-Khaljiri  1@  , Shabnam Arbab Chirani  2@  , Reza Eslami-Farsani  1, *@  
1 : Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, K. N. Toosi University of Technology
2 : ENI Brest, FRE CNRS 3744,
IRDL
* : Auteur correspondant

Utilizing self-healable systems in the composite structures as a new kind of smart materials is a new way to recover the mechanical properties such as bending properties in these structures. Among various healing systems the microcapsulation of healing agent as extrinsic system have attracted many attentions in the last decade. So, this work aims to investigate the bending properties of epoxy- glass fibers composites containing microcapsules (as healing agent container). It is worth noting that the healing agent was the same epoxy resin which was used in the matrix. To do so, in the first step, the microcapsules containing epoxy as healing agent were synthesized by urea formaldehyde shell trough in situ polymerization. It should be noted that, the microcapsulation process was the one stage method. Also, the core content of synthesized microcapsules was 72.5 %, approximately. In the following, NiCl2.(imidazole)4 as latent curing agent for the healing system were synthesized. Then, the 7 wt.% microcapsules and 2 wt.% NiCl2.(imidazole)4 were dispersed into the epoxy matrix. In the following the epoxy- glass fibers composite were fabricated by the hand lay-up technique by placing four layers of glass fibers. To study the healing behavior in the bending test, the samples were initially damaged by the quasi static penetration method. In order to create the matrix cracks, delamination between layers and fiber fractures damages, three damage forces (400, 500 and 600 N) were selected. The created damages were caused to rupture the microcapsules and diffuse in the damaged area. The healing agent could fill the microcracks a few minutes after the creating the damages. To active the catalyst for healing, the damaged composites were set into the oven in the temperature of 130 ˚C for the period time of 1 h. After that, the bending tests were carried out according to ASTM D790 standard. Also, the microstructure investigations were done by optical microscope (OM) and field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM). The obtained flexural strength for undamaged sample was 308 MPa. Also, the flexural strength of damaged composites in the damage forces of 400, 500 and 600 N were 199, 171.25 and 164.6 MPa, respectively. The healed sample with damage force of 600 N had the flexural strength of 204.5 MPa which was minimum flexural strength, as comparison with other samples, due to glass fibers breakage in the composite. Also, the healed samples with damage forces of 400 and 500 N had 285.8 and 251.6 MPa flexural strength after the healing process. The obtained healing efficiency for the healed samples with the damage force of 400, 500 and 600 N were 79, 58.4 and 27.6 %, respectively. As the most important finding of this work, it was realized that the microcapsules containing epoxy healing agent and NiCl2.(imidazole)4 catalyst could properly heal the matrix cracks and delamination phenomenon, but had a poor mechanical recovery in the sample with the fibers breakage phenomenon. The microscopic investigations showed that the diameter of microcapsules was 250 µm, approximately. It was also observed that the synthesized microcapsules had the smooth shells with the average thickness of 320 nm. It was seen that the cracks were caused to rupture microcapsules. Also, the cracks crossed in the interface of microcapsules and epoxy matrix. Another interesting phenomenon in the FESEM images was the buckling of microcapsules in the composite structures.


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